Series Episode: In relation to religious practices and religious doctrines in Arabic

"Allah has not specified Bahirah, nor Saibah, nor Wasilah, nor Ham, but those who disbelieve have discovered it by ascribing falsehood in the name of Allah, most of them are fools. (Al-Ma'idah 5:103) The common people living in Arabia were the followers of the religion preached by Ibrahim (as) as a result of the invitation and preaching of Ismail (as). That is why they believed in the monotheism of Allah and worshiped only Allah. But gradually with the flow of time they started to forget some part of the monotheism of Allah and Khales religion, or became indifferent about it. But in spite of all this, some characteristics of Ibrahim (A.S.) remained in the Oneness of God and religion until the chief of the Banu Khuza'ah tribe, 'Amr bin Luhai, came to the people. Cultivation and nurturing of religious ideology, People continued to hold him in deep respect due to his deep affection for charity and religious matters. Moreover, he was accepted as one of the great scholars and respected Alis and followed him. At one point in such a situation, he went on a trip to Sham country and there he witnessed the famous practice of idol worship. As Sham country is the birthplace of many Prophets and the place where God's message was revealed, he considers worshiping those idols to be more good and true. So on his return to the country he brought with him the idol called 'Hubal' and placed it inside the Kaaba in Khana and started worshiping it. He also called the people of Makkah to worship. The people of Mecca responded to his call and started worshiping the idol Hobal. Without delay, the people of Hijaz also started following the footsteps of the people of Makkah. Because, they too were once the guardians of Baitullah and residents of the Haram. [1] Thus the monotheist Arabs inevitably indulged in a most heinous and abominable vice and vice like idolatry. In this way idolatry was established in Arab lands.

Hubal was an idol made of red agate stone in the shape of a man. His right arm was broken. The Quraish received Hubal in this state and later repaired the hand with gold This was the first and largest and most revered idol of the polytheists. Apart from the Hubal, among the oldest statues in Arabia was the Manat statue. It was the god of Banu Huzail and Banu Khuza'ah. It was established at a place called Musallal near the land of Qudayd on the shores of the Red Sea. Mushallal is a narrow path coming down from the hill leading to Qudaid. Then the 'Lat' idol was accepted as a deity by the people of Tayif. It was the deity of the Banu Saqif tribe and was placed near the minaret on the left side of the Tafiyyah mosque. After that, the worship of the idol called 'Uzza' continued in the valley called Nakhlah in the highlands of 'Jate Irak'. This idol was the deity of Quraish, Banu Kinanah and many other tribes. 

These three were the largest and most famous statues in Arabia. After this, polytheism and idolatry spread widely in different parts of Hijaz. 

It is said that a Jinn was loyal to 'Amr bin Luhai. He said that the idols of Noah's tribe are rooted in the land of Wadd, Suwa, Yagus, Yaukb and Nasr Jidda. Amr bin Luhai went to Jeddah after finding these idols and dug the ground and brought out the idols. Then take them to Tuhama and hand over the idols to different tribes during the next Hajj season. In this way each idol came into the possession of the tribes. At the next stage, the description of the idols assigned to the various tribes is as follows: 

Wadd: This idol is the idol of Banu Kalb. Those who live in a place called Jarash in Daumatul Jandal, which belongs to Sham near Iraq. 

Suwa': This statue is of Banu Huzail bin Mudrikah of Ruhatri in Hijaz. This place is located on the coast near Makkah. 

Yagus: The deity of the Murad tribe of the Banu Gutwaif of a place called Jurf near Saba. 

Yaukb: Statue of Banu Hamdan of Khaiwan Basti, Yemen. Khaiwan is a branch of Hamdan. 

Nasr: The deity of Ale Zul Qila belonging to the Himyaris of a place called Himiyar.

They built houses over these idols and respected them like the Kaaba and covered them with a shroud. Like sending Hadi or sacrificial animals to the Ka'bah, they used to send Hadi there in honor of those Taghut, despite knowing the superiority of the Ka'bah over them.

And the tribes who used to travel on these routes also made idols like these and built similar houses. Of these, Dhul Khalasah is the idol of the tribes of Daws, Khas'am and Buzailah. They were the inhabitants of Tabalah, a place between Makkah and Yemen. Phils are the people who live near Banu Tay and Tay's two hills - Salamah and Aza. 

One such is Ream. Which is a house of worship built by San'a for the residents of Yemen and Himya. House of worship of Raja- Banu Rabi'ah bin Ka'b bin Sa'd bin Zayd and Manat bin Tamim. The two sons of Qayabat Wail, Bakr and Sandad, are from the tribe of Taghlib. 

Daws had another statue called Zul Kafain. Banu Bakr, Banu Malik, Banu Malkan - who are descendants of Kenanah had another idol called Sa'd. The tribe of Uzrah had an idol called Shams and Banu Khawlan had an idol called Gumyanis. 

As the idols spread like this, the entire Arabian Peninsula was once covered with idols. Even in the end every tribe and house takes its place. Then the polytheists of Makkah filled the Masjid al-Haram with idols one after the other. It is said that before the conquest of Mecca, there were 360 ​​idols in Masjid al-Haram. After the conquest of Mecca, the Prophet (ﷺ) destroyed the idols with his stick. As he hit the idols one by one with the stick, they fell down. 

He then ordered them to be taken outside the Masjid al-Haram and burnt, and they were burnt[3]. Moreover, there were some idols and pictures in the interior of the Kaaba. One of them is made in the shape of Ibrahim (AS) and the other is Ishmael (AS). Both these idols had fate-determining arrows in their hands. On the day of the conquest of Mecca, these idols were destroyed and the images were erased. 

People were deeply confused and confused by these idols. Even Abu Raza Utaridi (RA) said, 'We used to worship stones. Then when I found a better quality stone I would abandon the worship of the previous one and start worshiping the new stone. If I could not find any stone to worship again, I would collect some soil in a heap. Then I used to take a milking goat and milk it on that pile. 

In general, despite idolatry and sectarianism being the worst lawlessness and wickedness in religion, the Arabs of that time had the vain pride and misconception that their religion was based on Ibrahim (A.S.). 

Some of the contexts in which this abominable polytheism and idolatry started and spread among the people are: When they saw the angels, the Prophets and the Saints, the pious and the virtuous people established in good deeds and also saw that they are the beloved of Allah. God's beloved in creation, honor and dignity. However, when a special miracle was revealed in their hands and such an impossible task was completed that is not possible for ordinary people, then they thought that God Allah has privileged those people by giving some of his power, nature and power to do whatever they want. And because of their power and dignity, they have earned the qualification to mediate between Allah Ta'ala and ordinary people. Therefore, it is not possible for anyone to present their needs or petitions directly to God without the medium of these persons or things, and because of their dignity, God does not reject their intercession. Similarly, it is not possible to establish any worship of Allah without the medium of those persons or things. Because they are of special status and will bring him closer to God. 

When this idea took root among them and it got a permanent seat in their minds, they took all those people or things as their guardians and made them mediators between Allah and themselves and left all matters of getting close to the Lord to them. Then they made pictures, sculptures and idols in their honor. These images and idols were sometimes made in the exact shape of their intended person. Sometimes they were made in any shape they wanted. Then these pictures 

And they used to name the idol as idol worthy of worship.

Sometimes they did not make images or idols of these, but they used to dedicate their graves or burial places, residences, landing places or resting places as the holiest places for them and dedicated vows and vows etc. And there they showed great humility and obedience and named their places after idols. In this direction, the people of the Jahlia period also had a special custom of worshiping idols. Most of these are the mind of ``Amr bin Lohay made up The group of idol worshipers introduced by Ibn Luhai thought that the system of religion he spoke about was neither a change nor an abrogation of the religion introduced by Ibrahim (A.S.). Rather, it is the introduction of a complete system of life suitable for all people of all ages through some new additions for good. The practices that the people of the Jahiliyyah period adopted in the matter of making up their minds are respectively as follows: 

1. The idolaters would sit beside the idols like dargar khadems and seek shelter from them, call out to them in loud voices, pray to them with supplications for relief from want and deliverance from danger. The supplicants believed that these deities in the form of idols would offer intercessions to God for their prayers that would bring them good fortune. 

2. They used to perform Hajj to idols, perform Tawaf and Sijdah to idols and behave with great devotion and humility in front of them. 

3. Various kinds of vows and sacrifices were offered to the idols. Sacrificial animals were sacrificed on the idol's altar bearing his name. Incidentally, even if the funeral was done elsewhere, it was done with the name of the idol. Allah Ta'ala mentions two customs in the Qur'an regarding the slaughtering of their dedicated animals: 

‏(‏وَمَا ذُبِحَ عَلَى النُّصُبِ‏)‏ ‏[‏المائدة‏: ‏3‏]

 "And whatever has been sacrificed in any shrine (or altar)." (Maida 5:3) 

Elsewhere referred to: 

‏:‏‏(‏وَلاَ تَأْكُلُوْا مِمَّا لَمْ يُذْكَرِ اسْمُ اللهِ عَلَيْهِ‏)‏ ‏[‏الأنعام‏:‏121‏]‏

"You shall not eat that which Allah's name has not been mentioned (while offering sacrifice)." (Al-An'am 6:121) 

4. Idol worshipers used to set aside portions of food and drink, produce crops, and livestock for idols in order to gain nearness to God through worship. In this case, there was another interesting and recommendable matter, some part of the crops produced and the herds of livestock were also reserved in the name of Allah. But in most cases It used to be that things reserved for God were mixed with things reserved for idols and offered to idols, but things reserved for idols were never offered to God. Allah Ta'ala has said in the Qur'an: 

‏(‏وَجَعَلُوْا لِلهِ مِمِّا ذَرَأَ مِنَ الْحَرْثِ وَالأَنْعَامِ نَصِيْبًا فَقَالُوْا هٰذَا لِلهِ بِزَعْمِهِمْ وَهَـذَا لِشُرَكَآئِنَا فَمَا كَانَ لِشُرَكَآئِهِمْ فَلاَ يَصِلُ إِلَى اللهِ وَمَا كَانَ لِلهِ فَهُوَ يَصِلُ إِلٰى شُرَكَآئِهِمْ سَاء مَا يَحْكُمُوْنَ‏)‏ ‏[‏الأنعام‏:‏136‏]

"Of the crops and cattle which Allah has created, they set aside a portion for Allah, and they say, according to their opinion, this portion is for Allah, and this portion is for our gods and goddesses." The part that belongs to their gods and goddesses does not reach Allah, but the part that belongs to Allah reaches their gods and goddesses. How inferior is the judgment of these people!'' (Al An'am 6: 136)

5. Another custom to gain proximity to idols was that the polytheists swore vows of various natures to cattle and quadrupeds. 

‏(‏وَقَالُوْا هٰـذِهِ أَنْعَامٌ وَحَرْثٌ حِجْرٌ لاَّ يَطْعَمُهَا إِلاَّ مَنْ نَّشَاءُ بِزَعْمِهِمْ وَأَنْعَامٌ حُرِّمَتْ ظُهُوْرُهَا وَأَنْعَامٌ لاَّ يَذْكُرُوْنَ اسْمَ اللهِ عَلَيْهَا افْتِرَاءً عَلَيْهِ‏)‏ ‏[‏ الأنعام‏:‏138‏]‏‏.‏ 

They say that according to their concept, these cattle and crops are protected. No one can eat them except for whom We will. All this is their imagination. Some cattle are forbidden to ride on their backs, some cattle do not mention the name of Allah when they are sacrificed.' [Al An'am (6) : 138]

6. Among those four-legged animals were the animals called 'Bahira, Saibah, Wasila and Hami'.

Saeed bin Musayyib said, "Bahirah" is the udder whose breast is dedicated to the idol. So no man used to milk her. 'Saibah' is the ostrich that is released in the name of the deity. As a result no one would climb it. An ostrich from whose first womb a female camel is born is called 'Wasilah'. Then the female camel was born for the second time. If a male camel was not born in the middle, and a female camel was born in succession, they would release that camel in the name of the idol. A male camel whose seed has impregnated ten ostriches is called 'Hami'. When the number is complete, the camel is released in the name of the goddess. No one used to climb on that camel. 

Ibn Ishaq says that a female child is called a 'Bahira' Sayyibarah and a camel is called a 'Sayybah' which has given birth ten times to a female child, none of whom have given birth to a male child. Camels of such condition or nature were set free. No one would climb on its surface, cut its fur and drink its milk except for guests. 

Then when the camel gave birth to a female child, her ears were cut off and she too was released to roam free with her mother. No one rode on it, it was not shorn, and none but guests drank its milk. She was called 'Bahira' and her mother was called 'Saibah'. 

'Wasilah' was a goat that gave birth to ten daughters in five cycles, two by two, without giving birth to a son. That goat is called Wasila because she has tied all her daughters to each other. After that, the kid that the goat gives birth to can be eaten only by men, not by women. But if it gives birth to a dead child, both men and women may eat it. 

The camel is called 'Hami' whose reproduction produced ten daughters in succession and none of them gave birth to a son. The back of such an ostrich was protected, i.e. climbing on its back was prohibited. Its fur was not cut. He was released freely into the herd of camels for breeding purposes only, and was not used for any other purpose. Allah Almighty said against all those rituals of worshiping the idols of the Jahiliyyah period:

‏‏‏(‏مَا جَعَلَ اللهُ مِنْ بَحِيْرَةٍ وَلاَ سَآئِبَةٍ وَلاَ وَصِيْلَةٍ وَلاَ حَامٍ وَلٰـكِنَّ الَّذِيْنَ كَفَرُوْا يَفْتَرُوْنَ عَلَى اللهِ الْكَذِبَ وَأَكْثَرُهُمْ لاَ يَعْقِلُوْنَ‏)‏ ‏[‏المائدة‏:‏103] 

They also say, What is in the wombs of these cattle is exclusively for our men, and forbidden for our women, but if it (i.e. the unborn child) dies, then everyone has a share in it. He will soon reward them for their lies, He is All-Wise, All-Knowing.'' (Al-An'am 6:139)

‏(‏وَيَعْبُدُوْنَ مِن دُوْنِ اللهِ مَا لاَ يَضُرُّهُمْ وَلاَ يَنفَعُهُمْ وَيَقُوْلُوْنَ هَـؤُلاء شُفَعَاؤُنَا عِندَ اللهِ‏)‏ ‏[‏يونس‏:‏18] 

"And they worship other than Allah that which can neither harm them nor benefit them. And they say, "They are intercessors for us with Allah." (Yunus 10:18)

The polytheists of Arabia also used arrows to determine the outcome of 'Azalam' i.e. speech (Azalam is the plural form of Zalamun and Zalam is an arrow that is not feathered). The arrows used for predicting outcomes were of three types:

First: Arrows belonging to this category had (نعم) 'yes' or (لا) no or (غفل) 'failed' written on them. Arrows belonging to this category were generally used for travel, weddings and other similar occasions. Arrow sorting was done in a special way. If the selected arrow group for determining the course of action marked 'Yes', the planned work was initiated. But if the arrow written 'no' came out while selecting, the planned work was declared suspended for one year and again in the future. 

In this work, the cognizable qualities or symptoms were identified. And if an arrow written 'fail' came out, then again the selection was made in the same way until an arrow written 'yes' or 'no' came out.

Second: Some of the arrows in this category had "water" written on them, some had "Diyat" written on them, and others had something else written on them. 

Third: Which of the arrows in this category would have written on it "Including you", which would have written on it "Except you", maybe or which would have written on it "Mulsak" (which means combined). The use of arrow-pointed arrows was such that when there was doubt about one's parentage, he was taken to the idol called Hubal along with a hundred camels. The camels are near Sevayat (Rishi) with arrows 

"Allah has not specified Bahirah, nor Saibah, nor Wasilah, nor Ham, but those who disbelieve have discovered it by ascribing falsehood in the name of Allah, most of them are fools. (Al-Ma'idah 5:103) ‏‏‏(‏وَقَالُوْا مَا فِيْ بُطُوْنِ هٰـذِهِ الأَنْعَامِ خَالِصَةٌ لِّذُكُوْرِنَا وَمُحَرَّمٌ عَلٰى أَزْوَاجِنَا وَإِن يَكُن مَّيْتَةً فَهُمْ فِيْهِ شُرَكَاء‏)‏ ‏[‏ الأنعام‏:‏139‏] 

They also say, What is in the wombs of these cattle is exclusively for our men, and forbidden for our women, but if it (i.e. the unborn child) dies, then everyone has a share in it. He will soon reward them for their lies, He is All-Wise, All-Knowing.'' (Al-An'am 6:139)  

Narrated by Bukhari and Muslim, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: ‏(‏رَأَيْتُ عُمَرَو بْنَ عَامِرِ بْنِ لُحَى الْخُزَاعِى يَجُرُّ قَصَبَهُ ‏[‏أَيْ أَمْعَاءَهُ ‏]‏ فِي النَّارِ‏)‏ 

"I saw Amr bin Luhai pulling his pulse in Hell." Because 'Amr bin Luhai was the first person to change the religion of Ibrahim (as) and to sacrifice quadrupeds in the name of idols.[6]

The Arabs used to do so much around idols in the belief that they would help them to get close to God. As stated in the Quran, 

‏(‏مَا نَعْبُدُهُمْ إِلَّا لِيُقَرِّبُوْنَا إِلَى اللهِ زُلْفٰى‏)‏ ‏[‏الزمر‏:‏ 3‏]‏ (The polytheists used to say) "We worship them only that they may bring us near to Allah." (Az-Zumar 39:3)

Also mentioned:

‏(‏وَيَعْبُدُوْنَ مِن دُوْنِ اللهِ مَا لاَ يَضُرُّهُمْ وَلاَ يَنفَعُهُمْ وَيَقُوْلُوْنَ هَـؤُلاء شُفَعَاؤُنَا عِندَ اللهِ‏)‏ ‏[‏يونس‏:‏18] 

"And they worship other than Allah that which can neither harm them nor benefit them. And they say, "They are intercessors for us with Allah." (Yunus 10:18)

The polytheists of Arabia also used arrows to determine the outcome of 'Azalam' i.e. speech (Azalam is the plural form of Zalamun and Zalam is an arrow that is not feathered). The arrows used for predicting outcomes were of three types: 

First: Arrows belonging to this category had (نعم) 'yes' or (لا) no or (غفل) 'failed' written on them. Arrows belonging to this category were generally used for travel, weddings and other similar occasions. The arrow sorting phase was performed in a special manner. If the arrow group selected for determining the course of action indicated 'Yes', the planned work was initiated. But if the arrow written 'no' came out while selecting, the planned work was declared suspended for one year and again in the future. 

In this work, the cognizable qualities or symptoms were identified. And if an arrow written 'fail' came out, then again the selection was made in the same way until an arrow written 'yes' or 'no' came out.

Second: Some of the arrows in this category had "water" written on them, some had "Diyat" written on them, and others had something else written on them. 

Third: Which of the arrows in this category would have written on it "Including you", which would have written on it "Except you", maybe or which would have written on it "Mulsak" (which means combined). The use of arrow-pointed arrows was such that when there was doubt about one's parentage, he was taken to the idol called Hubal along with a hundred camels. The camels were surrendered to the Sevayat (Rishi) who wielded arrows. He used to gather all the arrows together and shake them. Then shoot an arrow out of it would have been If the arrow written 'among you' was out, he would have been ranked as a respectable person in their tribe. On the other hand, if the arrow written 'outside you' was outside then he would have been ranked as 'Khalif'. But if the arrow written 'Mulsak' had been out, he would have been kept in his own place. He was not given a place as a tribal person or as a 'Khalif'. 

They used to check the good or bad luck with this arrow. Basically it is a form of gambling. Its pattern is that they used to rotate the arrow to determine whose part of the camel's meat would fall through it. For this purpose they used to buy the remaining camels and slaughter them and divide them into 28 or 10 parts. Then the arrow would rotate in this regard. In which there were arrows called (الرابح) 'Rabih' and (الغفل) 'Gufal'. In whose case (الرابح) the arrow came out he would get a portion of the camel's meat. And the one in whose case (الغفل) the arrow came out would fail and be disappointed and would have to pay the fine of the camel's original amount. 

The polytheists of Arabia believed in the prophecies, arts and words of so-called soothsayers, sorcerers and astrologers. A person who predicted future events and claimed to be knowledgeable about occult matters was called 'Kahin'. Some narrators also claimed that, A genie is loyal to him and collects and delivers the news to him. Some soothsayers also claimed that he had enough knowledge to know about the unseen, and he used to do so. 

There was another type of people in the society of that time who searched people's words and actions and predicted their intentions. They were called 'Arraf'. Their claim was that when a person came to him to know something He can give information about the place or address of the incident and the person or group of persons associated with the incident through his condition, some previous signs and incidental conversations. For example, information about stolen property, place and time of abduction, lost animals or anything else. 

Astrologer: The work of astrologers is to provide glimpses about the future weather or events or accidents by observing the movements of the stars in the sky, Udayas, arrivals and departures, etc. [8] The influence of astrologers' thoughts and calculations is still the same in the public society today. It can be noticed that it was like that even then. 

The special difference was that if the rain clouds were predicted by observing the position and position of the stars, they believed that this star had brought rain to them. These stars are at the root of their Mangalmangal. In this way, they used to commit abominable shirk. 

Twirah: The polytheists of Arabia introduced some contrived rituals to check whether the result of the work could be 'good' or 'bad' before starting any work. This practice of such verification was called Twirah. In it, all the activities that were done based on their own ideas are- 

When they wanted to do something, before starting it, a bird was blown away or a deer was chased away. If a bird or a deer fled from their right side, they considered it a good omen and started work quickly. But fleeing on the left side was considered a bad omen and refrained from working. Similarly, if an animal or bird was seen scratching on the road, it was considered to be a bad omen. 

The bone above the rabbit's leg was hung to ward off evil. Some days of the week are inauspicious, some months are inauspicious, some four-legged animals are inauspicious, the vision of some women is inauspicious, some times of the day and night are inauspicious, some houses are inauspicious, etc. Various superstitions were prevalent among them. Epidemics such as cholera, spring etc. were considered to be the harbingers of some evil force. Moreover, they also believed in the fact that human souls can be found in owls. It was their belief that the soul of a person who is killed does not attain peace until he is avenged. The spirit turns into an owl and roams the desert[10] and calls out 'thirsty thirst' or 'drink me' 'drink me'. He calms down when the murder is avenged.