Series : The Arab Community
The Arab Community
Baidahs of Arabia: These are all the ruined ancient tribes and communities which have completely disappeared from the face of the earth and it is almost impossible to find reliable information about them. These sects are respectively Ad, Thamud, Twasam, Jadis, Imlakb, Umayim, Jurhum, Hazur, Wabar, 'Abeel, Jasim, Hazaramaot etc.
Arabe 'Ariba: These are the tribes that are descended from Yashjub bin Ya'rub bin Qahtwan. They are called Kawahtani Arabs.
Arabe Musta'riba: These are the Arab community who came from the lineage of Ismail (as). They are called Adnani Arabs.
In Arabia 'Ariba i.e. Qahtani Arabs real home was the kingdom of Yemen. It is here that their lineages and clans split into many branches from the descendants of Saba bin Yashub bin Yarub bin Qahtwan. Later on, both tribes gained more prominence. They are: Himyar bin Saba and Kahlan bin Saba. Bani Saba had eleven or fourteen other tribes which were called Sabyun. They have no other tribes except Saba.
(a) Himiyar: Its prominent branches are-
(1) Quza'ah: Its branches are Bahra, Bali, Alkabayan, Kalb, Uzrah and Wabarah.
(2) Sakasik: They are the descendants of Zayd bin Wailah bin Himyar. Zayd's surname is Sakasik. They do not belong to the 'Sakasik Kindah' of Bani Kahlan whose discussion is forthcoming.
(3) Zaidul Jamhur: Its branches are Himyarul Asghar, Saba al-Asghar, Hazoor and Zu Asbah.
(b) Kahlan: Its prominent branches are Hamdan, Alhan, Ash'yar, Ta'i, Majhij (from Majhij to Ans and An Nakh'), Lakhm (from Lakhm to Kindah, from Kindah to Banu Mu'biyah, Sakoon and Sakasik), Jujam. , A'Milah, Khawlan, Ma'afir, Anmar (Khasyam and Bakhilah from Anmar, Ahmas from Bakhilah) Azd (descendants of Aws, Khazraj, Khuza'ah and Zafran from Azd. They later established empires around the kingdom of Sham and named Ale Ghassan He became famous. Most of the Kahlani tribe later left the kingdom of Yemen and spread to different parts of the Arabian Peninsula. Generally their exodus takes place sometime before the 'Sail Arim'. The events of the time, when the Romans invaded Egypt and Syria, established absolute domination over the waterways of the people of Yemen, and ended all access to land for ever. As a result, the business of the Kahlanis was completely destroyed. The testimony of which has come in the Holy Qur'an, Allah Ta'ala says,
(لَقَدْ كَانَ لِسَبَإٍ فِيْ مَسْكَنِهِمْ آيَةٌ جَنَّتَانِ عَنْ
يَمِيْنٍ وَّشِمَالٍ كُلُوْا مِن رِّزْقِ رَبِّكُمْ وَاشْكُرُوْا لَهُ بَلْدَةٌ
طَيِّبَةٌ وَّرَبٌّ غَفُوْرٌ فَأَعْرَضُوْا فَأَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ سَيْلَ
الْعَرِمِ وَبَدَّلْنَاهُمْ بِجَنَّتَيْهِمْ جَنَّتَيْنِ ذَوَاتَى أُكُلٍ خَمْطٍ
وَأَثْلٍ وَشَيْءٍ مِّنْ سِدْرٍ قَلِيْلٍ ذٰلِكَ جَزَيْنَاهُمْ بِمَا كَفَرُوْا
وَهَلْ نُجَازِيْ إِلَّا الْكَفُوْرَ وَجَعَلْنَا بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ الْقُرٰى
الَّتِيْ بَارَكْنَا فِيْهَا قُرًى ظَاهِرَةً وَّقَدَّرْنَا فِيْهَا السَّيْرَ
سِيْرُوْا فِيْهَا لَيَالِيَ وَأَيَّامًا آمِنِيْنَ فَقَالُوْا رَبَّنَا بَاعِدْ
بَيْنَ أَسْفَارِنَا وَظَلَمُوْا أَنفُسَهُمْ فَجَعَلْنَاهُمْ أَحَادِيْثَ وَمَزَّقْنَاهُمْ
كُلَّ مُمَزَّقٍ إِنَّ فِيْ ذٰلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِّكُلِِّ صَبَّارٍ شَكُوْرٍ)
[سورة سبأ:15: 19]
One of the main reasons for this was the internal strife and conflict between the clans of the Himiyari and Kahlani clans. The indication of which is available from various sources. The information available from all these sources shows that the Kahlani tribes are forced to leave the love of their homeland due to various complex problems in various areas of life due to self-conflict, but the Himiyari tribes remain permanently established in their homeland.
It is known from reliable sources that the Kahlani clans who leave their homeland and go elsewhere are divided into four branches:
1. Azad: They left the country on the advice of their leader Imran bin 'Amr Muzaikbiya. At first they used to move from one place to another in Yemen. On the eve of their journey from one place to another, scouting parties were sent ahead to ensure their safety. In order to circumnavigate the path in this way, they finally divided into many branches at a stage of progressing north and east and settled in different places while traveling here and there. Details of their migration and settlement are as follows:
Imran bin 'Amr: He traveled to Uman and his tribe settled there. They are Azde Uman.
Nasr bin Azd: Banu Nasr bin Azd settled in Tuhama. They are Azde Shanuah.
Salabah bin ``Amr: He first moved towards Hijaz and started living in the middle of Salabiyah and Zu Qabar. When his offspring became of age and descendants became strong, he moved towards Madinah and settled in Madinah, finding it a suitable place to live. From that Salabahar lineage arose the Aws and the Khazraj clans and the Ansars of Madinah.
Harisah bin ``Amr: i.e. Khuza'ah and his children. They continued to travel around Hijaz land and settled in a place called Marruz Jahran. Then they launched a vigorous attack on Haram Sharif and expelled Banu Jurhum from there and settled themselves permanently in Makkadham.
'Imran bin 'Amr: He and his children settled in 'Amman. So they were called 'Azade Amman'.
Najar bin 'Amr: The tribes related to him settled in Tuhama. They were called 'Azade Shanuah'.
Jaffna bin ``Amr: He traveled to the kingdom of Sham and settled there and lived with his children. He is the reputed ancestor of the Ghassani rulers. They lived for some time near the Ghassan spring in the Hijaz before moving to the Sham kingdom, hence their lineage was called the Ghassani clan. Some small tribes migrated to Hijaz and Sham and joined them. Such as Ka'b bin 'Amr, Harith bin 'Amr and Awf bin 'Amr.
2. Lakham and Jujam Gotra: They move towards east and north. Among these Lakhmi was a man named Nasr bin Rabi'ah who was a very influential ancestor of the rulers of the Munazirah dynasty of Hira.
3. Banu Ta'ai tribe: After leaving the land of Banu Azad tribe, this tribe moved towards the north and settled permanently at the foot of two hills, Az' and Salamah. After this tribe, the hills came to be known as the two 'Banu Twai' tribes.
4. Kindah Tribe: This tribe was the first to set up a camp in the present day Al Ahsa in Bahrain. But due to not getting the expected environment and facilities there, he was forced to travel towards 'Hazramawt'. But as he could not provide any facilities there, he finally went to Najd region and built a settlement. There they founded a very magnificent state. But that state did not last long, in a short time its existence disappeared forever.
Apart from the Kahlan, the Himyas also have a similar Kuza'ah tribe. However, there is some difference of opinion about those who left the village from Yemen and settled on the border of Iraq to be Himaris. Some of these tribes settled in the Syrian highlands and northern Hejaz.
Musta'riba in Arabia: Their main ancestor Ibrahim (as) was originally a resident of the city of Ur in Iraq. The city is located near Kufa on the banks of the Euphrates or Euphrates. Many valuable and important information about the city has been revealed through the inscriptions, books and documents recovered by the archaeologists during the underground excavation of the city. Moreover, through all this, new information and new horizons have been revealed about the religious, social rituals and conditions of Ibrahim (a.s.), his senior descendants and the inhabitants.
In this context, we are also aware that Ibrahim (A.S.) migrated from this place to the city of Harran, and from there he again went to Palestine and made that country the center of his prophetic or God-called activities. Allah Subhanahu Ta'ala bestowed upon him the most honorable title of 'Khalilullah', and from the great responsibility and duty of Rasalat he assigned to him, he dedicated himself to the wide broadcasting and expansion in the interior of the country and abroad.
Ibrahim (as) once went to the land of Egypt and arrived. He was accompanied by his wife Sarah. The then king of Egypt, Pharaoh, heard of Sarah's immense beauty from his minister, and was attracted to her and moved towards her in his lustful lust. Meanwhile, in a fit of hatred, the witty Sarah passionately prayed to God, and He immediately accepted it, and as an inevitable result, Pharaoh became deranged and started flailing his arms and legs. At last he was completely overwhelmed and overwhelmed by the invisible forces.
He was completely shocked and amazed at the terrible consequences of his abominable and heinous misdeeds. Through this very shocking situation, he realizes that 'Sarah' is not an ordinary woman, but she is a noble woman from the best category of Allah Ta'ala.
He was so impressed and overwhelmed by the personality of 'Sarah' that he engaged his daughter Hazer[3] in Sarah's service. Impressed by Hajera's service and dignity, he married her to her husband, Ibrahim Khalilullah (AS).
Ibrahim (A.S.) returned to his home in Palestine with Sarah and Hagar. Then Allah Ta'ala gave Abraham (A.S.) a very fortunate child in the womb of Hajar. Ibrahim (a.s.) continued to feel somewhat ashamed and embarrassed at the birth of Hagar's unborn child, and continued to exert pressure to send Hagar along with the newborn into exile. As a result, he arrived in the land of Hijaz with Hajar and his newborn son Ishmael. Then Raitullah left them abandoned in a barren and uncultivated valley near Sharif. Baitullah Sharif in its present form did not exist at that time. At that time the place where Baitullah Sharif is located was just like a high hill. Whenever there was a flood, the current of the flood flowed from the right or left side. At that time, there was a large tree on the surface of Masjid al-Haram, next to the well of Jamiam. Ibrahim (as) left his wife Hajar and infant son Ismail (as) under that tree.
At that time there was no reservoir or water source in this place, there was no locality or human settlement. Putting some dates in a bowl and some water in a small musk, Ibrahim (A.S.) crossed again to the land of Palestine. But within a few days, dates ran out, water also ran out. Hajera and baby son Ishmael fell into dire straits. But even this terrible crisis was solved in a miraculous way by the infinite mercy of Allah Ta'ala. Creation is Abe Hayat Yogam Dhara. And both the father and the son became intently prepared to carry out that instruction in their hearts and souls.
(فَلَمَّا أَسْلَمَا وَتَلَّهُ لِلْجَبِيْنِ وَنَادَيْنَاهُ أَنْ
يَا إِبْرَاهِيْمُ قَدْ صَدَّقْتَ الرُّؤْيَا إِنَّا كَذٰلِكَ نَجْزِي الْمُحْسِنِيْنَ
إِنَّ هٰذَا لَهُوَ الْبَلَاء الْمُبِيْنُ وَفَدَيْنَاهُ بِذِبْحٍ عَظِيْمٍ)
(سورة صافات ٣٧ : ١٠٣-١٠٧)
When the father laid his son down with his forehead mixed with the ground for the purpose of sacrifice, the word of Allah was announced, 'O Ibrahim! You have made your dreams come true. Surely this is return a large animal of His own choosing.'' how I reward the righteous. Surely this event was a great trial by fire from Allah and Allah gave them in
The birth chapter of the Majmu'ah Bible mentions that Ishmael (as) was 13 years older than Ishaq (as) and according to the Qur'anic account, the event took place before Ishaq (as). Because, after the detailed description of Ishmael (as), good news is given about the birth of Isaac (as). It is evident from this incident that Ibrahim (A.S.) visited Makkah at least once before Ishmael (A.S.) reached his youth. The details of the remaining three tours are found in a long narration by Sahih al-Bukhari Sharif, which is directly narrated from Ibn Abbas (RA).[8] Its summary is as follows:
2. When Ismail (A.S.) entered his youth, he mastered the Arabic language well from the people of the tribe of Jurhum and was able to attract the good attention of all concerned. After some time he got married to a woman of this tribe. When time was passing through such a situation, Hajar went to Paradise by floating her eyeball Ismail (A.S.) in the sea of grief. (Inna Lillah.....Rajiun)
At this point, when the memory of the abandoned family arose, Ibrahim (A.S.) again started his journey towards Mecca. Consort Hajar was then a resident of paradise. He first went and appeared in the house of Ismail (as). But due to his absence the interview between father and son was no longer possible. Meeting and talking with the son-in-law. At one stage of the conversation, when the daughter-in-law complained of marital problems, he advised saying that 'after the arrival of Ismail (a.s.) the door frame should be changed'. Realizing the significance of his father's advice, Ismail (a.s.) divorced his wife and married a second woman. This woman was the daughter of Mu'az bin 'Amr of the tribe of Jurhum.
3. After the second marriage of Ishmael (AS), Ibrahim (AS) went to Makkah again, but this time he was not able to meet his son. If the daughter-in-law wants to know about her virtues, she thanks Allah. Satisfied with this, Ibrahim (A.S.) advised to keep the door frame permanent and started again towards Palestine.
4. Then Ibrahim (A.S.) came back to Makkah and Ismail (A.S.) was making arrows under a tree near the well of Jamam. Suddenly seeing his father in this situation, he leaped up in simultaneous excitement and joy and hugged both father and son.
He spent some time in the embrace. This interview took place after such a long time that it was very emotional and poignant to the filial, tender-hearted and benevolent father and to the paternal and loyal son. At that time father and son together built the house of Kaaba. After the completion of the construction of this Kaaba house, Ibrahim (A.S.) called the world-Muslim community to perform the holy Hajj.
Allah Ta'ala gave 12 or 9 good children to Ishmael (as) in the womb of Mu'az's daughter. Their names are respectively - Nabitwa or Nabayut, Qaidar, Adbail, Mibsham, Mishma', Duma, Misha, Hadad, Taima Yatur, Nafis, Qaiduman.
From the 12 sons of Ishmael (as) 12 tribes originated and all settled in the city of Makkah. In most cases, their way of life was dependent on trade and commerce with countries like Yemen, Egypt and Syria. As a result of population growth, these tribes gradually spread to different parts of the Arabian Peninsula and even beyond Arabia. Although all these clans were created from the bloodline of a great man who was very beloved and chosen by Allah Ta'ala, in most cases they remained unknown and unrecognized in the shadows created by the cycle of time. Only the descendants of Nabitva and Qaidar are able to free themselves from the web of dark whales created by the cycle of time. In the course of time, the literary and artistic culture of the Prophets in northern Hijaz reached a considerable level of excellence. Not only that, they were able to establish a single powerful nation and a large empire, and subjugated the surrounding communities and collected regular taxes from them. Their capital was Batra. No one around had the honest courage or strength to compete or compete with them.
Then in the rotation of Kalachakra, Rumi's Abhyud happened. In various fields they make so much progress and accumulate so much energy that the power and prowess of the Prophets are reduced to fairy tales. Maulana Syed Sulaiman Nadvi after his researches, discussions and in-depth research has proved that none of the Ghassan descendants and the Ansar of Madinah as well as the Aws and Khazraj tribes belonged to the Qahtani Arabs, but only the remnants of the descendants of Nabitwa bin Ismail (a.s.) within that region. Their position was in Arab land.[10]
Imam Bukhari is drawn to this view and wrote the following chapter in his Sahih al-Bukhari:
نسبه اليمن إلي اسماعيل عليه
السلام
Qaidar bin Ismail (as) was raised in the holy land of the city of Makkah and over time he climbed the golden pinnacle of progress there. Then at some point in the cycle of time, they became unknown and unknown. Then Adnan and his children were surprised at that place. The genealogy of the Adnanis of Arabia has been purely preserved till now.
Adnan is the 21st male descendant of the Prophet (ﷺ). It is narrated in some narrations that when the Prophet (ﷺ) was narrating his genealogy, he would go up to Adnan and suddenly stop, and would not go any further. He used to say that, 'The experts are wrong about the genealogy.[11] But a group of scholars are of the opinion that the genealogy can be narrated further up from Adnan. Nabi Kareem (ﷺ) termed this narration as 'weak'. According to his findings, there is a distance of 40 steps between Adnan and Ibrahim (as).
However, it is said about Ma'add's son Najar that Ma'add had no other children besides him. But a few families have come into existence since this Naza. In fact Nazar had four children and from each child a tribe was founded. The names of these four children of Nazar were Yad, Anmar, Rabi'ah and Muzar respectively. Among them, the branches of the tribe of Rabi'ah and Muzaar became widespread. Therefore, Rabi'ah from Asad and Jubai'ah; 'Anjah and Zalidah from Asad; Many famous tribes such as Abdul Qays, Namir, Banu Wail tribe originated from Jalidah; Bakr, belonging to Taghlib Banu Wa'il; From Banu Bakr Banu Qayasam Banu Shaybahan, Banu Hanifah and other tribes came into existence. And from the Banu Anjah, the current royal family of Saudi Arabia, Ale Saud, originated.
The children of Muzar were divided into two major tribes. There are two tribes:
(1) Qays Aylan bin Muzar, (2) Ilyas bin Muzar.
Banu Sulaym, Banu Hawazin, Banu Saqif, Banu Sa'sa'ah and Bun Ghatfafan from Qays A'ilan. From Gatfafan derives the clans of Abas, Juwayan, Ashja and Ghani bin Asar.
From Ilyas bin Muzar sprang the tribes of Tamim bin Murrah, Huzail bin Mudrikah, Banu Asad bin Khuzaimah and Kinanah bin Khuzaimah. Then the tribe of Quraish arose from Kinanah. This tribe is the children of Fehr bin Malik bin Nazar bin Kinanah.
Then the Quraish tribe split into different branches. Among these, the famous branches are the descendants of Jumah, Saham 'Adi, Makhjum, Tayyim, Zuhra and Qusai bin Kilab. In other words, Abduddar bin Qusai, Asad bin Abdul Ozzah and Abde Manaf were the children of Qusai.
Among them Abde Manaf had four sons and from the four sons arose four tribes, namely Abde Shams, Nawfal, Mottaleb and Hashim. From this tribe of Hashim, Allah Ta'ala chose our beloved Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) as a Prophet and Messenger.
The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said that Allah chose Ishmael (a.s.) from the children of Ibrahim (a.s.), and Kinanah from the children of Ishmael (a.s.). He chose Quraish from the clan of Kinanahr, Banu Hashim from Quraish and me from Banu Hashim.[13]
It was narrated from Ibn Abbas (RA) that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, 'Allah created man and made me the best of the group. Then the gotras are selected and in this case too I am included in the best gotras. Then comes family status and in this case too I am included in a very prestigious family. Therefore, as I am the best in my personality, I am also the best in respect to my lineage.
However, when the descendants of Adnan began to increase in number, they spread to different parts of the Arabian continent in search of livelihood. In this context, the tribe of Abdul Qays, some branches of Bakr bin Wael and the descendants of Banu Tamim traveled towards Bahrain and settled there.
The tribe of Banu Hanifah bin Sa'b bin Ali bin Bakr moved towards Yamamah and settled at Hujar, its center. The remaining branches of the tribe of Bakr bin Wael settled in areas from Yamama to Bahrain, Saif Qaima, Bahr, Sawade Iraq, Ubullah and Hit.
The Banu Taghlab tribe continued to settle in the Euphrates Peninsula region. However, some of their branches continued to live with Banu Bakr. In this direction Banu Tamim tribe designated the remote area of Basra as suitable land for living.
The tribe of Banu Sulaym settled near Medina. Their abode was extending from Wadi al-Qura to the two hills joining Khaybar and Madinah to the east of Harraye Banu Sulaym.
Banu Asad established their settlements east of Taima and west of Kufa. Between them and Taima was the plantation of a Bohtar family of the Banu Ta'i tribe. The distance between Banu Asad's occupied land and Kufa was five days.
The tribe of Banu Juwaiya settled and cultivated around Hawan near Taima.
Banu Kinanah tribe people stayed in Tehama. From among them, Quraysh settled in Mecca and its surrounding areas. All these people had a detached mindset. There was no discipline among them. This was their way of life. Then a man named Qusay bin Kilab took over their leadership and by proper administration raised them to the seat of dignity and honor in the conventional sense and made them prosperous and victorious.
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